Which nerve is responsible for sensory and motor functions to the muscles involved in mastication?

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is indeed responsible for both sensory and motor functions related to mastication. This is the largest cranial nerve and has three major branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The mandibular branch is particularly significant for mastication, as it innervates the muscles responsible for jaw movement, including the masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles.

In addition to its motor function, the trigeminal nerve also provides sensory innervation to the face, including the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. This dual role makes it crucial for the process of chewing, allowing for both the movement of the jaw and the sensation of food textures and temperatures.

The facial nerve (CN VII) primarily serves the muscles of facial expression and special sensory functions like taste but does not innervate the masticatory muscles. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is mainly responsible for motor control of the tongue muscles, which play a role in speech and swallowing rather than in the act of chewing itself. The vagus nerve (CN X) has a broader role in autonomic functions, including some aspects of swallowing and sensory functions from the viscera, but it does not