Which part of the articular disc is avascular and aneural?

The middle third of the articular disc is avascular and aneural, making it crucial for its function within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The lack of blood vessels (avascular) means that this region does not receive a direct blood supply, and thus relies on the synovial fluid for nutrient exchange and metabolic activity. Being aneural indicates that it does not have nerve endings, which contributes to the ability of the disc to withstand compressive forces during jaw movements without the sensation of pain or discomfort.

In contrast, other regions of the articular disc possess a blood supply and nerve endings, which enhance their responsiveness to load and movement, and enable pain sensation. This structural characteristic allows the middle third to act as a compliant structure, absorbing stress and distributing forces within the joint while protecting the surrounding neural and vascular tissues. Understanding this aspect of the articular disc aids in comprehending various TMJ disorders and their management.