Which type of joint is the TMJ classified as?

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is classified as a synovial joint, which is characterized by the presence of a joint capsule and synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. This classification is significant because synovial joints allow for a wide range of motion compared to other joint types.

Within synovial joints, there are various subtypes, including hinge, ball-and-socket, and saddle joints, each allowing for specific movements. The TMJ, in particular, exhibits unique properties as it combines elements of both hinge and gliding movements, enabling actions such as opening and closing the mouth, as well as lateral and forward-backward movements. This complexity is what differentiates the TMJ from simpler joint types, emphasizing its classification as a synovial joint which accommodates these diverse functions.